2010년 7월 2일 금요일

Norwegian Wood

A Death of Memory, Field Well



“Maybe once in two or three years, somebody disappears all of a sudden, and they just can’t find him. So then the people around here say, ‘Oh, he fell in the field well.’”[1] In the novel, Norwegian wood, written by Haruki Murakami, Naoko, Kizuki’s girlfriend, describes ‘Field Well’ during a conversation between her and Watanabe Toru, a main character. Naoko seems to know that in our lives, there is always a field well and we just do not know when and where we maybe fall in there. The field well is simply a place to reach water, but in this novel, an author, Haruki Murakami, use the field well as a symbol of death of memory.

The field well is placed near the end of the field and when the forest is started. Between two areas, there is no fence or rock that marks where is the field well. Naoko says the field well like “A dark opening in the earth a yard across, hidden by the meadow grass”[2] when she describes the image of the field well to Toru. We do not know how and when Naoko start to think about the field well, but in her mind, there is always the field well and after this conversation, Toru gets a same image when he recalls a field memory and about Naoko.


Naoko is a special girl in Toru’s life. She is not just a friend. She is more like a family to him. Toru really cares her. It is because of a guilty of his best friend’s, Kizuki, death. Perhaps, it is because he is the last person who stays with Kizuki, Naoko’s boyfriend. Naoko and Kizuki used to spend time together and there is one more person, Toru. He is not in their relationship. He is simply Kizuki’s friend. However, after several dates together, Toru becomes one part of their relationship. So, Naoko thinks a double date will be fun and starts to search a girl for Toru. However, making a girlfriend for Toru is not easy and eventually, three of them hang out together. Toru is not a funny and talkative person who can make a good mood for girls. Kizuki is a guy who leads a conversation. When Kizuki goes somewhere, there is no conversation to talk about. Toru tries to talk a little bit, but it does not go so far. Rather talking each other, they stay together and wait Kizuki. That is the relationship between Toru and Naoko. If Kizuki would not kill himself, there will be no progress between them. Kizuki’s death becomes a turning point to their lives. We do not know the turning point affects their lives in a positive or negative way. A one thing that is sure is because of his death, they become closer. Naoko and Toru start to think about each other differently and it makes them stick together. Even after they go to the college, Toru still keep in touch with her and take care of her in his way.


They used to walk without talking and destination or have a lunch. That is their own way to communicate each other. After Kizuki’s death, Toru and Naoko leave a town. It is for avoiding or forgetting a past, their friend’s death, but by meeting each other, they cannot get rid of the past. For Toru, Naoko is a connection for the past and same for her too. Their relationship is kind of tragedy, but they cannot get rid of their relationship. For him, Naoko is a victim who damaged from the past. She is the one who need his help. Only Toru can see how deeply Naoko is hurt. Even Naoko’s family does not understand her entirely and start to think she is a patient. They do not see how she starts to break, losing her mind and isolating from the society. Only Toru tries to reach her mind.


I think the field well is already existed in her mind from the beginning. Maybe, everybody has the field well in their mind. They just do not know. Only Naoko knows that there is the field well and she is afraid to fall in there suddenly. She is afraid to be forgotten from others. And then Toru gives his words and says “All you have to do is stay with me like this all the time.”[3] Because of this conversation, Naoko gets a relief, but as time goes on, the field well in her mind becomes bigger and bigger. Whenever Toru tries to drag her into a new world, the society, she goes the past. Naoko cannot get rid of or forget the past. She cannot start her new life. She still has a dark hole, the field well, in her mind and keeps hiding and hiding. Eventually, no one can find how Naoko’s field well is getting deeper and darker. Even Toru cannot get this because he is also damaged from the past. He is trying to move forward and it is not easy to him too. Finally, when Naoko becomes twenty, Toru lose the Naoko. Whenever he recalls the memory, he says:


I felt as if the only thing that made sense, whether for Naoko or for me, was to keep going back and forth between eighteen and nineteen. After eighteen would come nineteen, and after nineteen, eighteen. Of course, But she turned twenty. And in the fall, I would do the same. Only the dead stay seventeen forever.[4]


Obviously, in the novel, the death stays nineteen and other people are getting older and older. No matter what is happened in the past, people still live in their way. That is a life. And Toru is suffering because of his friend’s death, but he finds a way to survive. He follows the way that will not fall in the field well. However, Naoko loses a path that people follow. She loses the path that makes people safely walk from the beginning to destination. Naoko takes other rode to walk and finally, she falls in the field well. In the reality, she goes a safe place to makes her heal, but this is the last place where she stays in the society. By pushing from the society, she is losing the direction and mind and finally, she fall in the field well step by step.

For Naoko, falling in the field well step by step will be the hardest part in her life because nobody will understand her situation. She is naturally a human being in the beginning of the novel. She has lots of friends like other normal girls and enjoys her life, but, after Kizuki’s death, she becomes the patient. Around her, there are several people who maybe drag her into the society. However, Naoko’s field well is too deep and isolated. She gives up a chance to be remembered to people, Toru and others. She chooses a solid, deep and endless hole, suicide. In the novel, death is not a simple term giving up their lives. For other people, death gives a starting point forgetting dead people. Other people who left maybe remember the dead people, but eventually they will forget them. They will forget memories about the dead people and this is a part that Naoko is afraid when she talks about the field well. By removing the past, memory, the other people including Toru will forget her and that is memory of death.


However, fortunately, Toru get a chance to change his life. Midori is a one who makes his life differently. She is a history classmate at t he college and she helps Toru to be one part of the society. Of course, there are several people who affect his life too, but she has a positive effect on his life. Unlike Naoko, she is a social person. However, inside of her life is also harmed and damaged as much as Naoko or more.


Compare with Naoko’s life, Midori has more family history. Her mother died because of brain tumor. Her family spends lots of money taking care of mother. After mother’s death, Midori’s father does not take care of her and her sister. He even blames two daughters. Midori’s father is a weak person to handle the wife’s death and later, he also has a same disease, a brain tumor, and died. When we look at the family background, Midori has more histories than Naoko. If the field well is made depend on the death, Midori will already fall in the field well. However, she is still alive. When we compare the high school life, Naoko is a lucky girl. Midori’s parents push her to go to the private and rich school. Until she goes to the college, she has to surround by rich girls. During the high school years, Midori is a stranger in the society and she never mingles with them. The Rich girls are nice, but they are not same people like Midori. They do not understand Midori. In the high school society, she is isolated without a choice. At home, she does the housework, cooking and taking care of her father. Midori is not willing to do these works, but the situation makes her to do.


Midori is also twisted and damaged from the past, but she is a strong girl who can find a way to survive. If Naoko is a person who make a monotone world, Midori is an opposite person who shows the real world. For Toru, it will be better to hang out with Midori. While Toru is with her, he can be adapted in the society. Midori is a connection from the monotone world to the reality. Whenever Toru lose a direction or goes back to the past, he calls Midori, because she is the only one person who escaped falling in the field well. This is one of the conversations that Toru and Midori have in the novel.


“I’m glad I ran into you,” I said. “I think I’m a little more adapted to the world now.”

Midori stopped short and peered at me. “It’s true,” she said. “Your eyes are much more in focus than they were. See? Hanging out with me does you good.”

“No doubt about it,” I said.[5]


In the novel, Naoko is not only person who has the field well. In the society, everybody has their own field well. They just do not know where the field well is in their mind. Our mind is like a Norwegian wood. Some parts are flat like a field and some areas are covered with leaves. Maybe, a cliff is here or a narrow and deep hole exists somewhere. We do not know what and when we see these. When someone is fall in the deep hole, we will not know who and when someone fall in there. If something is behind from our sight, we will not know because we see what we can see. Even we know what is happened, we will naturally forget. That is a human being. And the field well is a perfect place where someone maybe falls in and other people will not notice because it happens suddenly. The other people will start to forget about them who fall in the field well. The memory about them will be forgotten. Like they do not exist before, the other people will live their lives.

In the novel, the main character, Toru, says that “Even so, my memory has grown increasingly distant, and I have already forgotten any number of things. Writing from memory like this, I often feel a pang of dread.”[6]



ESL 4
Norwegian Wood_Final Essay
Mijin Park / July 2,2010
Jamerry Kim



[1] Haruki Murakami, Norwegian Wood (2000), 6.

[2] Ibid., 6.

[3] Ibid., 7.

[4] Ibid., 37.

[5] Ibid., 172.

[6] Ibid., 9.





Bibliography

1. Murakami, Haruki. Norwegian Wood, Vintage International, 2000








Chinatown with Fortune Cookies


“The crooked streets of one of New York’s oldest ghettos smell of salt and fish and orange peel.”[1] An author, Gwen Kinkead, describes an appearance of the Chinatown in the book, Chinatown. As a biggest community, Chinatown is place at the Sothern end of Manhattan. Chinese emigrate from their country to here while the booming time. As a neighborhood, Chinese are self-contained. In 1965, Congress changed laws that they kept more than 80 years. The laws were about blocking Chinese. After changing the laws, during the American History, the new arrivals to Chinatown are the biggest wave of Asian immigration. This is an important consequence that immigration policy made several decades ago.



After Filipinos, Chinese is the second largest Asian group. Their first immigration choice is New York to come straight to U.S.A. under the new law. Every month, fourteen hundred people come in and Chinatown is spread under Cannel Street to Soho. Chinatown gives energy to Lower East Side and Chinese settle in Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens.


Almost a hundred and fifty thousand Chinese live in Chinatown and other a hundred and fifty thousand Chinese live the outside area. Moreover, immigrants from various countries such as Taiwan, the Peoples Republic of China, Malaysia, Singapore, Laos, Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Cuba, South America and Philippines use their own dialects. Northern Chinese and Taiwanese use Mandarin and people who come from southern china use Cantonese. Many new immigrants would not understand each other and this is not still solved.




Chinese change Chinatown as a center of manufacturing city’s clothes. Every year, almost 60 factories pay over $ 200 million as a payroll. A year, jewelry district make over $ 100 million in gold and diamond. Also, three hundred and fifty restaurants drag tourists and conventioneers. However, those elements make Chinatown as a center of crime in the United States. Furthermore, half of the heroin is smuggled into the U.S.A. under organized crime in Chinatown.



Chinatown has a ruthless social order. This is strongly existed and looks like against the law. However, Chinatown is an isolated society compared with other groups and people who live in Chinatown accepted this order naturally. Chinese who live in Chinatown call the outsiders as ‘Low Faan.’ Low faan is a short term of guey low faan or barbarian. This term is used when the community is made in 1870. Chinese think low faan is a right term to call White people because Chinese think China is a center of the world. “Eva Tan, a special advisor on Asian affairs the New York’s Nayor Edward Koch, says ‘Don’t forget, foreigners forced China to open up and be ruled by gunboat diplomacy’.”[2] Chinese is treated under the foreigner for a long time. They used to hear the famous sign ‘Chinese and dogs now allowed’ at foreigner’s hotel in China. Residents who live in Chinatown a long time remember how foreigners treat Chinese in the past. They remember racism.




Chinatown residents are divided as two groups, first-generation and others. First generation is 80 % of the residents and they are born in other countries. Others are people who live in Chinatown less than 5 years. Every year, new arrivals do not that the United States is a different country compared with China. For example, in America, people have a right to speech. When they arrive here, they need to know what America is. Seward Park High School is the biggest high school in Chinatown. Half of students are Asian, mostly Chinese and students who arrive in here within 1 or 2 weeks enroll this school. Most classes are also about learning America.



Moreover, because of their historical and cultural reasons, people who live in Chinatown keep their lives in silence. Because crime is related with social structure and institutions that make Chinatown gather and isolated and people are sacred revenge. Anyhow, because of those reasons, Chinatown has been in silence. In Chinatown, breaking isolation and gathering with America is not the most primary thing. People who live in Chinatown more care about work. Like Wall Street, Chinatown focuses on making money. Residents are willing to work as much as they need for running their business and they do not concern about their health. Their unique working schedule makes outsiders think Chinese like to work. However, there is other purpose. “In fact, Chinatown embarrasses a lot of its residents: Ashamed of its dirty streets, running with water from overflowing vegetable and fish stands, and of its chaos, its crime, and its street gangs, they work to leave it.”[3]






When people think about Chinatown, they remember fortune cookies at first. “Their soft circles of baked dough are folded in half over a paper message, usually a fortune.”[4] However, unfortunately, fortune cookies were born in America. However, the origin of fortune cookie is hard to find. Maybe, fortune cookie is born in California. Perhaps, it is related to Asian immigrants. “A Japanese landscape architect, Sumiharu Hagiwara-Nagata, is said to have introduced them in 1914 at a garden he designed in San Francisco to accompany tea.”[5] And then, the garden now becomes the Golden Gate Park Japanese Tea Garden. Even though, Sumiharu believed that he was a first person who makes fortune cookie, he gave this to Chinese for their successful marketing.





“The baker David Jung is said to have invented fortune cookies in Los Angeles sometime around 1918.”[6] Moreover, a preacher handed fortune cookies to the poor and homeless people to give biblical messages of hope and encouragement. After then, Jung started Hong Kong Noodle Company and kept making fortune cookies. In the beginning 1930s, on the East Coast, the first person who made fortune cookies was William T. and his Key Fortune Cookie Company. All of manufacturers needed chopsticks when they folded their fortune cookies. In the late 1960s, owner of the Louse Fortune Cookie Company, San Francisean Edward Louie, invented a machine to fold fortune cookie. In the late 1970s, someone realized that fortune cookie needs its own day. “Like many things about the fortune cookie, year, month, and day are shrouded in mystery. Many say the date was September 13; others place the date sometime between April and September. There was a mock court case to determine the California city of origin; San Francisco won. No one contested or confirmed the date for fortune cookie celebrations.”[7]




Fortune cookies are made automatically. “Companies on both coasts and in between and some in other countries now make these treats of flour, sugar, and flavoring.”[8] Wonton Food Inc, for example, used the world’s largest manufacturer, Golden Bowl, for making more than 4 million fortune cookies a day. In the factories, the automated line makes fortune cookies with messages for occasions like wedding, birthdays. Fortune cookie is selling around the world and messages are transferred depend on the countries of selling.


“Billy Wider’s 1966 movie The Fortune Cookie distributed fifteen thousand with the message. “There’s a marvelous picture in your future.” According to the Powerball Lottery Commission, in 2005 more than a hundred winners in several states used numbers from those printed on Golden Bowl fortune cookies.”[9]




In the 1980s, Wonton Noodle Company changed their name as Wonton Food Inc. In 1993, Wonton Food Inc. started to make fortune cookies in a China where nobody knew fortune cookies before and they realized that fortune cookies are famous both China and the United States.



Fig. 1 Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Factory, San Francisco, California.[10]



ESL 4

Neighborhood: Chinatown_Final essay

July 2, 2010 / Mijin Park

Jamerry Kim




[1] Gwen Kinkead. Chinatown (1992) p3.

[2] Ibid., p5.

[3] Ibid., P11.

[4] Andrew F. Smith, American Food and Drink (2007) p233.

[5] Ibid., p233.


[6] Ibid., p233.

[7] Ibid., p233.

[8] Ibid., p233.

[9] Ibid., p233.

[10] Devin Hayes, Devin’s travelogue, http://everywheremag.com/people/dhayes/page4







Bibliography

Hayes, Devin.Devin’s travelogue”, 24 August 2007,http://everywheremag.com/people/dhayes/page4> (29 June 2010).

Kinkead, Gwen. Chinatown. HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.



Smith, Andrew F. American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press, Inc., 2007.





Audio

1. Interview
http://www.divshare.com/download/11875681-921

2. Sound
http://www.divshare.com/download/11876287-c6c